Hydropower Abbreviations and Acronyms List - by Hobo Maps - Go Back to Hydropower Projects Web Page --- Home
Abbreviations and acronyms below conformed to those commonly used in Lao PDR hydropower projects.
Click to download a PDF Version of the listings below for offline viewing
See examples of hydropower-related Symbols & short-form Notations at the bottom of this web page:
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A = Ampere
AAGR = average annual growth rate
ac = alternating current
ACC = asphalt concrete core
ACC = ASEAN Coordinating Council
ACCC = ASEAN Connectivity Coordinating Committee
ACCEPT = ASEAN Climate Change and Energy Project
ACCWG = ASEAN Coordinating Council Working Group
ACE = ASEAN Center for Energy
ACED = Asphalt Core Embankment Dam
ACEMS = Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy
ACER = Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators
ACSR = Aluminum Conductor Cable Steel Reinforced
ACSR/GA = Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced, using Class A galvanized steel wire
ADB = Asian Development Bank
ADC = analog to digital converter
ADCP = Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers; used to measure water velocities, direction of flow and depth
admin. = administration
ADMS = Advanced Distribution Management System
ADPC = Asian Disaster Preparedness Center
ADR = Automated Demand Response
AECOM = name of international infrastructure consulting firm (looks like acronym but not)
AEDP = Alternative Energy Development Plan
AEDS = ASEAN Energy Database System
AE Lab = Aquatic Environment Laboratory
AEO = Annual Energy Outlook
AEP = annual exceedance probability
AFCI =Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter
AFD = Agency France for Development
AFTA = ASEAN Free Trade Area
AGC = automatic generation control
AGEP = ASEAN-German Energy Program
AGI = Advanced Graphical Interface
AGVC = automatic generation voltage control
AIIB = Asian Infrastructure Investment
AIMS = ASEAN Interconnection Master Plan Study
AIMS = Aquaculture of Indigenous Mekong Fish Species Project
AIS = Air-Insulated Substation
aka = also known as
Al = aluminum
ALS = Automatic Load Shedding
AMB = ambient (temperature)
AMCF = Assessment of Mekong Capture Fisheries Component
AMF = average monthly flow
AMI = Advanced Metering Infrastructure
AMS = ASEAN Member States
AMS = Application Management Services
amsl = above mean sea level
ANCOVA = analysis of covariance
ANSI = American National Standards Institute
APAEC = ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation
APC = Automatic power controller
APFR = automatic power factor regulator
APG = ASEAN Power Grid
APGCC = ASEAN Power Grid Consultative Committee
APL = application programming interface
APL = Adaptable Program Loan
AQI = Air Quality Index
AQIP = Aquaculture Improvement and Extension Project
A/R = Afforestation / Reforestation
AREP = auxiliary winding regulating excitation principle
ARI = average return interval; annual recurrence interval
ARM = armature
ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASHDCT = Automatic System of Hydrologic Data Collection and Transmission
ASM = asynchronous motor
ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials
ATC = available transmission capacity
ATSPT = Average Tolerance Score Per Taxon
aux. = auxiliary; supplementary
AVC = automatic voltage controller
AvCap = Available Capacity
avg = average
AVR = automatic voltage regulator
AWG = American Wire Gauge is the USA standard measure for the diameter of electrical conductors.
AWGCME = ASEAN Working Group on Coastal and Marine Environment
BAP = Biodiversity Action Plan
BAU = business as usual
bbl = barrel
BCC = backup control center
BCEL = Banque Pour Le Commerce Exterieur Lao Public
bcf = billion cubic feet
bcfd = billion cubic feet per day
bcm = billion cubic meters
BCP = Base Capacity Price
BCPG = BCPG Public Company Limited
BCR = Benefit Cost Ratio
BCS = battery charging station
BDP = Basin Development Planning / Basin Development Plan / Basin Development Program
BDS = Basin Development Strategy
BESS = battery electric storage system
BFI = Bank and Finance Institutions
BFI = bilateral financial institutions
BFMS = Basin-wide Fisheries Management and Development Strategy
BIC = BCPG Indochina Co.
BIDV = Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam
BioRA = Biological Resources Assessment
BL = base line
BLDC = brushless DC (motors)
BLT = build, lease, transfer
BM = Build Margin
BMEC = BMEC Engineering & Consulting Co., Ltd.
BMZ = German Ministry for Economic Development
bn = billion (1000 million)
BOD = Biological Oxygen Demand
BOO = build-own-operate
BOOT = build-own-operate-transfer
BOT = build-operate-transfer
BRG = bearing
BRI = Belt and Road Initiative (China's)
BRIM = Biosphere Reserve Integrated Monitoring Program
BS = British Standard; current standard for electrical wiring in the UK
BSM = benefit sharing mechanisms
Btu = British Thermal Unit; a measure of heat energy equal to 0.000293 kilowatt hour
BUS = Binary Unit System is used to transfer data between participants in a network
C = Celsius (formerly Centigrade)
c. = circa (approximately)
ca. = circa (approximately)
CA = Concession Agreement
CACM = Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management
CAGR = compound annual growth rate
CAP = Corrective Action Plan
cap. = capitalization (such as market capitalization)
CAPE = country assistance program evaluation
CAPEX = capital expenditure
CB = Circuit Breaker
CBA = Cost Benefit Analysis
CBD = Convention on Biological Diversity
CBO = Community Based Organizations
CBRC&MCL = Chanthavone Bridge, Road Construction and Maintenance Company Ltd.
CCA = climate change adaptation
CCAI = Climate Change Adaptation Initiative (of Mekong River Commission)
CCCC = China Communications Construction Company Ltd.
CCGT = combined cycle gas turbine
CCIA = climate change impact assessment
CCILMB = Committee for Coordination of Investigations of the Lower Mekong Basin ( Mekong River Commission)
CCS = Carbon Capture and Storage
CCWFDE = counter clockwise while facing the drive end (rotation direction for generator drive shaft)
CDB = China Development Bank
CDE = Center for Development and Environment
CDE = Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
CDEP = Committee for Development of Electric Power
CDM = Clean Development Mechanism (under Kyoto Protocol)
CDTO = China Datang Overseas Investment Co
CEAR = Construction & Erection All Risks (Insurance)
CEEC = China Energy Engineering Corporation
CEIEC = China National Electronics Import-Export Corporation
CEM = Capacity Expansion Model
CEMMP = Contractor Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
CEMP = Contractor Environmental Management Plan
CERs = certified emission reductions (under Kyoto Protocol)
CER = consumer energy resources
CES = Cryogenic Energy Storage
CEWA = Charoen Energy and Water Asia Co. Ltd. (Thailand)
CF = Capacity factor
CFD = Computational Fluid Dynamics
CFG = configuration
CFRD = concrete-faced rockfill dam
cfs = cubic feet per second
CGGC = China Gezhouba Group Company Limited
CGIAR = Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CGN = China General Nuclear Power Group
CH4 = methane: one of the most potent of greenhouse gases
CHIRPS = Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse
CHMC = China National Heavy Machinery Corporation
CIA = Cumulative Impact Assessment
CIF = Cost Indurance and Freight
CIFEC = Committee for Investment Management and Foreign Economic Cooperation
CIFOR = Center for International Forestry Research
CIPSC = Central Investment Promotion Steering Committee
CIS = Customer Information Systems
CITES = Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CKHX = Chiang Khong & Houay Xai
CKP = CK Power Plc. (the power generation arm of construction firm CH Karnchang Plc.)
CLF = current-limiting fuse
CLMV = Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam
CLO = Community Liaison Officer
cm = centimeters
cm2 = square centimeters
CMC = Coordination and Monitoring Center
CMG = crisis management group
CMHC = China National Heavy Machinery Co.
CMMS = computerized maintenance management system
CNC = Computerized Numerical Control
CNMC = Cambodia National Mekong Committee
CNR = Compagnie Nationale du Rhone (France)
CNY = Chinese yuan renminbi
CO2 = carbon dioxide
COBSE = Coordinating Body on the Seas of East Asia
COC = Certificate of Completion
COCD = Construction Obligation Commencement Date
COD = Commercial Operation Date
COD = Chemical Oxygen Demand
CONT = continuous
CPAWM = Center for Protected Areas and Watershed Management
CPP = Critical Peak Pricing
CPP = Control Pitch Propeller
CPU = Central Processing Unit
CPUE = Catch Per Unit Effort
CRBMF = core river basin management function
CRMN = Core River Monitoring Network
CRPF = Compensation and Resettlement Policy Framework
CRVA = Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
CSE = Charoen Sekong Energy Company
CSG = China Southern Power Grid
CSG = Cemented Sand and Gravel
CSGR = Cemented Sand, Gravel and Rock
CSO = civil society organization
CSOs = civil society organizations
CSP = CS Power
CSPELC = commercial price of electricity
CSR = corporate social responsibility
CS Team = construction supervision team
CT = current transformer
CT = continuous torque
CTA = Chief Technical Advisor
ctg = combustion turbine generator
CTG = China Three Gorges Corporation
Cu = copper
CU = Crisis Unit
CV = control valve
CVC = Conventional Mass Concrete (dam structure type)
CVCF = Constant Voltage Constant Frequency
CVT = capacitive voltage transformer
CWE = China International Water & Electric Corp.
CWTW = Chongqing Water Turbine Works Co.
DA = Distribution Automation
DAC = digital to analog converter
DAC = dense asphalt concrete
DAF = Dept. Agriculture and Forestry
DAFO = District Agriculture and Forestry Office
DAGAP = Data Acquisition and Generation Action Plan
D&B = drilling and blasting; traditional method used to excavate underground passages
DBCA = District Biodiversity Conservation Area
DBM = Drill and Blast Method (traditional method of tunnel excavation)
DBMS = database management system
dc = direct current
DCA = Distribution Contingency Analysis
DCCT = direct-current current transformer
DCI = Dendritic Connectivity Index
DCS = distributed control system
DCTL = Double Circuit Transmission Line
DDF = Dry Dipterocarp Forest
DE = drive end (of motor shaft)
DEB = Department of Energy Business
DEC = Dongfang Electric Corp. ( China-based)
DEF = Dry Evergreen Forest
DEIR = Draft Environmental Impact Report
DEIS = Draft Environmental Impact Statement
DEM = Department of Energy Management,
DEM = Digital Elevation Model
DEPD = Department of Energy Promotion and Development
DEPP = Department of Energy Policy and Planning
Dept. = Department
DER = distributed energy resources; privately-owned renewable energy systems at homes or businesses
DFI = Development financial institution (Development Bank)
DGA = Dissolved Gas Analysis
DGM = Dept. of Geology and Mines
DGRC = District Grievance Redress Committee
DHO = District Health Office
DHPM = Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine
DHRW = Department of Hydrology and River Works, Cambodia
DIN = "Deutsche Institut fur Normung" German organization that sets standards for electrical equipment
DLE = Distribution Load Estimation
DLF = Department of Livestock and Fisheries
DLF = Distribution Load Forecasting
DLUP = Dept. Land Use & Planning
DMH = Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (Lao PDR)
DMM = Department of Mining Management
DMS = Degrees Minutes Seconds (coordinates)
DMS = Distribution Management System
DNA = Designated National Authorities
DNP = distributed network protocol
DO = dissolved oxygen
DOE = Department of Electricity (Laos in the past)
DOEM = District Office of Energy and Mines
DOF = Department of Forestry
DOLHM = Department of Land and Housing Management
DONRE = District Office of Natural Resources and Environment
DOPF = Department of Planning, Cooperation and Finance
DP = Development Partner
DPC = Department of Planning and Cooperation
DPF = Distribution Power Flow
DPRA = Development Project Responsible Agency
DRC = District Resettlement Committee
DRIFT = Downstream Response to Imposed Flow Transformations (ecological systems analysis tool)
DRP = Demand Response Provider
DRWG = District Resettlement Working Groups
DS or D/S = downstream
DSC = Downstream Channel
DSCR = Debt Service Coverage Ratio
DSE = Distribution State Estimation
DSEG = Dam Safety Expert Group
DSEP = Dam Safety Emergency Plans
DSF = Decision Support Framework
DSH = Don Sahong
DSHPP = Don Sahong Hydropower Project
DSM = Discharge and sediment monitoring
DSM = Demand Side Management
DSM/EE = Demand Side Management and Energy Efficiency
DSMP = Discharge and Sediment Monitoring Program
DSMS = Dam Safety Management System
DSO = distribution system operator
DSP = Distributed System Platform
DSPF = Department of Statistics, Planning and Finances
DSRA = Debt Service Reserve Account
DSRP = Dam Safety Review Panel
DSS = Decision support systems
DTP = China Datang International Power Generation Co., Ltd
DWG = District Working Groups
DWR = Department of Water Resources (Thailand government)
DWRM = Department of Water Resources Management (in Vietnam)
EA = Environmental Assessment
EAF = Equivalent Availability Factor
EAMP = Environmental Assessment and Management Plan
EAP = Emergency Action Plans
EBITDA = earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
EBS = excitation boost system
ECA = Export Credit Agency
ECC = Environmental Compliance Certificate
ECI = Electricity Construction and Installation Co.; Electrical Construction and Installation, State Enterprise
ECM = electronically commutated motor
ECP = Emergency Contingency Plan
ECU = Environmental Compliance Unit
ED = execution date; the date when a legal agreement is fully signed and becomes effective
EDC = Electricity du Cambodia; state-owned electricity utility enterprise
EDL = Electricity du Laos; state-owned electric utility enterprise in Lao PDR
EDL-Gen = EDL Generation Public Co. Ltd.
EDL-Gen Solar = a subsidiary of EDL-Gen focusing on solar energy projects in Lao PDR
EDLT = Electricity du Laos Transmission Company Ltd.
EDLTC = EDL Training Center
EDP = Ethnic Development Plan
EE = Excess Energy
EEC = energy efficiency and conservation
EEMP = Environment Emergency Mitigation Plan
EEP = Energy and Environment Partnership
EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio
EFF = efficiency
E-flows = Environmental Flows
e.g. = such as
EGAT = Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
EGATi = Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand International
EGC = equipment grounding conductor
EGCO = Electricity Generating Public Company (of Thailand)
EGDP = Ethnic Group Development Plan
EGEF = Ethnic Groups Engagement Framework
EGEM = Expert Group on Environmental Management
EGPD = Electricity Generation Planning Division
EH = Ecological Health
EHI = Ecological Health Index
EHM = Ecological health monitoring
EHV = Extra High Voltage
EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment
EIR = Environmental Impact Report
EIRR = Economic Internal Rate of Return
EIS = Environmental Impact Statement
El. = elevation
ELC = electronic load controller
E & M = electrical and mechanical equipment
E & S = environmental and social
EMA = Singapore’s Energy Market Authority
EMCO = Environmental Management Committee Office
EMCS = Energy Management Control System
EMD = Environmental Management Division
EMDP = Ethnic Minority Development Plan
EMF = electromagnetic force
EMI = electromagnetic interference
EMMP = Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
EMO = Environmental Management Office
EMP = electromagnetic pulse
EMP = environmental management plan
EMS = Energy Management System
EMS = Environmental Management System
EMT = electric metal tubing
EMUs = Environmental Management Units
encl. = enclosure
EOD = Explosive Ordnance Disposal
EP = Environmental Program
EPA = Ethnic People Assessment
EPC Contract = engineering, procurement and construction contract
EPCC = engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning
EPCM = Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Management Agreement
EPD = Energy Planning Division
EPDP = Ethnic People Development Plan
EPF = Electric Power Forum
EPF = Environmental Protection Fund
EPG = Electric Power Generation
EPL = Environmental Protection Law
EPP = Emergency Preparedness Plan
EPPEI = Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute
EPPO = Energy Policy and Planning Office (in Thailand)
ERC = Energy Regulatory Committee (in Thailand)
ERP = Emergency Response Plan
ERPA = Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement
E&S = Environmental and Social
ES = excitation system
ESAP = Environmental and Social Action Plan
esc. = enterprise standard costs; a form of indirect cost
ESCAP = Environmental and Social Corrective Action Plan
ESCAP = Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCO = Energy Service Companies
ESD = Environment and Social Division
ESDD = Environmental and Social Due Diligence
ESF = Environmental and Social Framework
ESG = Environmental, Social and Governance
ESIA = Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMAP = Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (World Bank)
ESMF = Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMMP = Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans
ESMMP-CP = Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans-Construction Phase
ESMP = Environmental and Social Management Plan
ESP = Environment and Social Program
ESRS = Environmental & Social Review Summary
ESSP = Environmental and Social Sustainability Policy
etc. = and so on
ETS = Emissions Trading Scheme
EV = Electric-powered Vehicle
EVALS = proprietary dimensioning software used to evaluate hydropower projects
EVN = Electricity of Viet Nam; the national energy company of Vietnam
EVN PMB = Electricity of Viet Nam Power Project Management Board
EVN NPT = Electricity of Viet Nam National Power Transmission
EVs = Electric-powered Vehicles
Ex Ante = a forecast based on estimates rather than actual results (before the event)
Ex Post = a forecast based on actual results (after the event)
EXIM = Export Import Bank
F = Fahrenheit
FA = Feeder Automation
FACTS = Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems
FAD = fish attraction devices
FADM = Fish Abundance and Diversity Monitoring
FAIV = Fast acting isolating valve
FAO = Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations)
FCB = fast cut back
FCD = financial close date
FCO = fuse cutout
FCP = Frequency Containment Process
FCZ = Fishing Control Zone
FDC = flow duration curve
FDI = foreign direct investment
FDIR = Fault Detection Isolation and Restoration
FEEG = Fisheries and Environment Expert Group
FET = Field Effect Transistor
FFA = flood frequency analysis
FFC = Fixed Frequency Control
FFGS = flash floods guidance system
FFS = Final Feasibility Study
FGD = Focus group discussion
FIPC = Forest Inventory and Planning Center
FIRR = Financial Internal Rate of Return
FishMAP = Fisheries Monitoring Action Plan
FIT = feed-in tariffs
FL = full load
FLA = full load amperes (amps)
F.L. EFF. = full load efficiency
FLDM = Fish larvae drift monitoring
FMECA = Failure mode, effects and criticality analysis
FMG = ferromagnetic generator
FMIS = Financial Management Information System
FMOA = Force Majeure Offset Amount
FMS = Financial Management System
FMV = Fair Market Value
FOEAS = Farm-Oriented Enhancing Aquatic System
FOMACOP = Forestry Management and Conservation Project
FOMC = Fixed Operations and Maintenance Charge
FPV = floating photovoltaic
FR = frame (size)
FRCD = Forest Resource Conservation Division (of Lao Department of Forestry)
FRL = full reservoir level
FS = Feasibility Study
FSL = full supply level
FSR = Feasibility Study Report
FPV = floating photo voltaic
FWL = Flood Water Level
FX = Foreign Exchange
FY = fiscal year
GA = Gap Assessment
GCB = Generator Circuit Breaker
GCRD = generator connection ready date
GDP = Gross Domestic Product
GEC = grounding electrode conductor
GED = Gulf Energy Development (Thailand based)
GEF = Global Environmental Fund
GEI = Global Environmental Institute
GFCI = Ground Fault Circuit Interruptor, a type of circuit breaker
GFL = Great Fault Line
GHG = Greenhouse Gas
GIRD = generator interconnection ready date
GIS = Geographic Information System
GIS = gas-insulated switchgear
GIZ = German Agency for International Cooperation
GMD = geomagnetic disturbance
GML = Gnommalath (town/district)
GMS = Greater Mekong Subregion
GOL (GoL) = Government of Lao PDR
GPAR = Governance and Public Administration Reform
gpd = gallons per day
GPIO = general purpose input output
gpm = gallons per minute
gps = gallons per second
GPS = Global Positioning System
GPSC = Global Power Synergy Public Co Ltd
GPU = Generator Protection Unit
GRC = Grievance Redress Committee or Grievance Resolution Committee
GRID = Gender Resource and Information Development
Grm = gram
GRM = Grievance Redress Mechanism
GRP = glass reinforced plastic
GSCI = Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index
GTSEZ = Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone
GUI = graphical user interface
GW = gigawatt
GWh = gigawatt hours
GWh/y = gigawatt hours per year
GWP = Global Warming Potential
h = hour
ha = hectare
HAGL = Hoang Anh Gia Lai (Vietnam-based company)
HAPUA = Heads of ASEAN Power Utilities & Authorities
HCD = hydrokinetic conversion device
HCD = Hydraulic control device
HCFCs = halogenated fluorocarbons; a type of greenhouse gas
HCIG = Hebei Construction and Investment Group Co., Ltd.
HCP = Hourly Capacity Payment
HCS = Hydraulic control system
HCV = High Conservation Value
HCVA = High Conservation Value Area
HDPE = High-density polyethylene
HDVC = Hydro driven control valve
HEC = Hydropower Engineering Consultants
HECS = Hydrokinetic Energy Conversion Systems
HEG = Hydrology Expert Group
HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; a type of greenhouse gas
HFO = heavy fuel oil
hh (HH) = households
HHPC = Houay Ho Power Company
HIA = Health Impact Assessment
HLG = Houay Lamphan Gnai
HLO = high-level outlet
HMI = human-machine interface
HMS = Hydrologic Modeling System
HOL = Highest Operating Level
HP = Horsepower
HPCC = Hydropower Control Center
HPD = Hydropower Plant Dispatcher
HPMS = Hydropower Management System
HPP = Hydropower Project
hr. = hour
HRWL = highest regulated water level
HSAP = Hydropower Sustainable Assessment Protocol
HSE = Health, Safety and Environment
HSR = high-speed railway
HSV = highest system voltage
HV = high voltage (typically all voltages over 200 kilovolts)
HVAC = heating, ventilation and air conditioning
HVAC = high-voltage alternating current
HVDC = high-voltage direct current
kVp = kilovolt peak
HVPL = high voltage power line
Hwy. = highway
HYCOS = Hydrological Cycle Observation System (Station)
HYDRAF = Hydrologic Remote Sensing Analysis for Floods
Hz = Hertz
IBD = Interest-bearing Debt
IBFM = Integrated Basin Flow Management
IBP = Indicative Basin Plan
IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
I & C = Instrumentation & Controls
ICB = International competitive bidding
ICCILMB = Interim Committee for Coordination of Investigations of the Lower Mekong Basin (MRC)
ICEM = International Center for Environmental Management
ICOLD = International Commission on Large Dams
ICS = industrial control system
ICSID = International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (World Bank)
ICT = Information and Communications Technology
IDA = International Development Association
IDC = Indirect costs (overhead costs)
IDF = inflow design flood
IDLC = Integrated Direct Load Control
IDRC = International Development Research Center
IDSM = Integrated Demand Side Management
i.e. = that is; used to introduce a word or phrase that restates what has been said previously
IE1 = standard motor efficiency rating
IE2 = high motor efficiency rating
IE3 = premium motor efficiency rating
IE4 = super premium motor efficiency rating
IEA = International Energy Agency
IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission (based in Switzerland with a global focus)
IED = intelligent electronic device
IEE = Initial Environmental Examination
IEEE = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (based in USA with focus on North America)
IEP = International Expert Panel
IFAD = International Fund For Agricultural Development
IFC = International Finance Corporation
IFDP = Indigenous Fishery Development Project
IFI = International Financing Institution (such as ADB & World Bank)
IFReDI = Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute
IFRM = Integrated Flood Risk Management
IGA = inter-governmental agreement
IGBT = insulated-gate bipolar transistor
IHA = International Hydropower Association
IKMP = Information and Knowledge Management Platform
ILF = ILF Consulting Engineers
ILO = intermediate level outlet
IM = induction motor
IMA = Independent Monitoring Agency
IMDG = International Maritime Dangerous Goods
IMF = International Monetary Fund
IMO = International Maritime Organization
Imp/kWh = short for Impressions per kWh (unit) of electricity
IMPE = Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology
IMR = Infant mortality Rate
inc. = incorporated
INDC = Intended Nationally-Determined Contribution
INRAE = Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (France)
INS CL = insulation class
INSUL = insulation (class)
INT = intermittent
IOD = Initial Operation Date
I/O = input/output
IP = ingress protection
IP = internet protocol
IPCC = International Panel on Climate Change
IPD = Investment Promotion Department
IPDP = Indigenous Peoples Development Plan
IPP = Independent Power Producer
IRD = Institute for Research and Development
IRDP = Integrated Rural Development Program
IRENA = International Renewable Energy Agency
IREP = Institute of Renewable Energy Promotion
IRN = International Rivers Network
IRP = Integrated Resource Planning
IRR = Internal Rate of Return
IRRP = Integrated Resource and Resilience Planning
ISH = Initiative for Sustainable Hydropower
ISIS = Integrated Surface Irradiance Study
ISO = International Standards Organization
ISP = Information Sharing Platform
ISP = Integrated System Plan
ISRM = International Society for Rock Mechanics
IT = information technology
ITD = Italian Thai Development Public Company Limited
ITO = Independent Transmission Operators
ITS = Interchange Transaction Scheduling
IUCN = International Union for Conservation of Nature
IVR = Interactive Voice Response
IVT = inductive voltage transformer
IVVC = Integrated Voltage/Var Control
IWED = International Water Event Database
IWMI = International Water Management Institute
IWRM = Integrated Water Resources Management
JAP = Joint Action Plan
JBIC = Japan Bank for International Cooperation
JC = Joint Committee
JCCCN = Joint Committee on Coordination of Commercial Navigation (on Lancang-Mekong River)
JCM = Joint Consultative Meeting (ASEAN)
JCWG = Joint Committee Working Group
JDB = Joint Development Bank
JEM = Joint Environmental Monitoring
JICA = Japan International Cooperation Agency
JMP = Joint Monitoring Program
JPY = Japanese Yen
JWG = Joint Working Group
k = kilo; a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting one thousand
KANSAI = Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc.
KBA = key biodiversity area
KCMIL or KCM = thousand circular mils (size of electricity conductor)
kg/ha/yr = kilograms per hectare per year
kg/hh/yr = kilograms per household per year
kg/m^2 = kilograms per square meter
KGPC = Kobe Green Power Company
KHPS = kinetic hydropower system
KHR = Khmer Riel
km = kilometer
km^2 = square kilometer
kN = kilo Newton
KN = Lao Kip
KOICA = Korea International Cooperation Agency
KOWEPO = Korea Western Power
KPIs = key performance indicators
Ktoe = Kilotons of oil equivalent
kV = kilovolt
kVA = Kilovolt Ampere; in a 100% efficient system, kW = kVA
kVAR = Kilovolt Ampere Reactive
kW = kilowatt; in a 100% efficient system, kW = kVA
kWh = kilowatt hour
LACP = Land Acquisition and Compensation Plan
LaCSA = Lao Climate Services for Agriculture
LAD = Lao Dam Association
LAK = Lao Kip
LAN = Local Area Network
Lao PDR = Lao People’s Democratic Republic
LARP = Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan
lbs. = pounds (weight)
LC = letter of credit
LCC = Luang Paseuth Construction Sole Co.
LCE = Lao National Committee for Energy
LCG = Lao Consulting Group
LCHSR = Lao-China High-Speed Railway
LCM = local communication module
LCOE = Levelized Cost of Energy
LCR meter - a test meter used to measure inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R)
LCR = Lao(s)-China Railway
LCU = local control units
LDC = Least Developed Country
LDC = load dispatch center
LDIM = Laos Dam Investment Monitor
LDPE = Low-density polyethylene
LEAP = Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning
LECS = Lao Expenditure and Consumption Survey
LED = light-emitting diode
LEPTS = Lao Electric Power Technical Standards
LFA = Land and Forest Allocation
LFC = Load Frequency Control
LFCR = Load Frequency Control and Reserves
LFNC = Lao Front for National Construction
L/H = length / height
LHSE = Lao Holding State Enterprise
LIRP = Livelihood and Income Restoration Plan
LL = load loss
LLC = Limited Liability Company
LLDC = Land-Locked Developing Country
LLO = low-level outlet
LMB = Lower Mekong Basin; the Lao, Thai, Cambodian & Vietnamese portions of the Mekong River Basin
LMC = Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (international trade framework)
LMCCD = Lancang-Mekong Cooperation and Conflict Database
LMCSF = Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund
LMC Water Center = Lancang-Mekong Water Resources Cooperation Center
LMDP = Lancang-Mekong Development Plan
LMI = Lower Mekong Initiative
LMR = Lancang-Mekong River
LMRB = Lancang-Mekong River Basin
LMS = Load Management System
LMWCD = Lancang Mekong Water Cooperation Database
LMWRCC = Lancang-Mekong Water Resources Cooperation Center
LNCE = Lao National Committee for Energy
LNG = Liquified Natural Gas; natural gas (methane) in very cold storage
LNMC = Lao National Mekong Committee
LNNL = a type of electric wire for single-phase meters
LNTA = Lao National Tourism Administration
LOL = lowest operating level
LOLE = loss of load expectation
LPCL = Luang Prabang Power Company Limited
LPD = Luang Prabang (Dam) downstream
LPFL = Oji-Laos Plantation Forestry Ltd.
LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LPHPP = Luang Prabang Hydropower Project
lpm = liters per minute
LPRP = Lao People’s Revolutionary Party
LPRYU = Lao People’s Revolutionary Youth Union
LPU = Luang Prabang (Dam) upstream
LRA = locked-rotor amperes
LRC = Livelihood Restoration Committee
LRO = Law on Resettlement and Occupation
LRWL = lowest regulated water level
LSC = local stakeholder consultations
LSE = Load-Serving Entity
LSFP = Lao-Swedish Forestry Program
LSFCP = Lao-Swedish Forestry Cooperation Program
LSX = Lao Stock Exchange
Ltd. = Limited (liability)
LTESA = Lenders Technical, Environmental and Social Advisors
LT-LEDS = Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (greenhouse gases)
LTM-PIP = Laos-Thailand-Malaysia Power Integration Project
LTMS-PIP = Laos-Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore power integration project
LTSA = Long-Term Service Agreement
LU/LC = Land Use/Land Cover
LUC = levelized unit costs
LURC = Land Use Right Certificate
LV = low voltage
LWH = Length Width Height
LWU = Lao Womens Union
m = meter
M. = Muang
m2 = square meters
m3 = cubic meters
m3/s = cubic meters per second
mA = milliampere
MA95 = 1995 Agreement on cooperation for sustainable development of the Mekong River Basin
MAEE = French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (French acronym)
MAF = Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
MANOVA = Multivariate Analysis of Variance
MAR = Mean Annual Runoff
MARD = Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (in Vietnam)
MASAP = Mekong Adaptation Strategy Action Plan
masl (msl) = meters above sea level
MBJ = main bonding jumper
MC = member country
MCB = miniature circuit breaker
MCE = Maximum Credible Earthquake
mcm = million cubic meters
mcm = old abbreviation for thousands of circular mils, an older measurement of wire gauge
MCP = Mitigation and Compensation Program
MCPP = Managed Co-Lending Portfolio Program (Vietnam)
MCs = member countries
MCTPC = Ministry of Communication, Transportation, Post and Construction
MDB = multilateral development banks
MDF = Mixed Deciduous Forest
MDGs = Millennium Development Goals
MDM = Mekong Dam Monitor; reports hydrologic indicators in the Mekong Basin in near-real time
MDR = Multi-Differential Relay
M&E = Monitoring and Evaluation
M&E = machinery & equipment
MEM = Ministry of Environment and Mines
MFA = Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MFCB = Mega First Corporation Berhad
MFD = Mekong Fish Database
MFWL = Maximum Flood Water Level
mg/L = milligrams per liter
MHX = Mahaxay
MIH = Ministry of Industry and Handicrafts
MIH = Mekong Investment Holding JSC
MIGA = Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
mil. = million
min. = minute
MLC = Mekong-Lancang Cooperation
MLF = marginal loss factor
MLS = Manual Load Shedding
mm = millimeter
MMF = magnetomotive force
MOAF = Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
MODIS = Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
MOE = Ministry of Energy (in Thailand)
MOEM = Ministry of Energy and Mining
MOF = Ministry of Finance
MOIC = Ministry of Industry and Commerce
MoICT = Ministry of Information, Communication and Tourism
MOL = Minimum Operating Level
MoMEL = Ministry of Mines and Energy, Lao PDR
MONRE = Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
MORE = Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
MoU = Memorandum of Understanding
MPa = MegaPascal or Million Pascal (pressure measurement)
MPI = Ministry of Planning and Investment
MPS = Mobile power station
MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport
MRB = Mekong River Basin
MRB-IF = Mekong River Basin Indicator Framework
MRC = Mekong River Commission
MRC DSF = Mekong River Commission Decision Support Framework
MRC JC = Mekong River Commission Joint Committee
MRC PDG = Mekong River Commission Preliminary Design Guidance
MRC-SEDB = MRC Basin-Wide Socio-Economic Database
MRC SP = Mekong River Commission Strategic Plan
MRCS = Mekong River Commission Secretariat
MRC TD = MRC Technical Support Division
m/s = meters per second
MSC = management service contract
MSDS = Material Safety Data Sheet
msl = mean sea level
masl = meters above sea level
MSY = Maximum Sustainable Yield
mt = million tons
MTG = micro turbine generation/generator
MTOE = million tons of oil equivalent
MTR = Mid-Term Review
MTS = master terminal station
MTU = master terminal unit
MUSD = Million US dollars
MV = megavolt
MVA = megavolt ampere
MVAR = megavolt ampere
MW = megawatt
MWDI = Mekong Water Data Initiative
MWh = megawatt hours
MWL = Maximum Water Level
MWM = Mobile Workforce Management
MWp = peak megawatt
MWP = Multi-Year Work Plan
N/A = not applicable
NA = National Assembly
NAFRI = National Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute
NARO = National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (in Japan)
NARPDP = Northern Area Rural Power Distribution Project
NASC = National Assembly Standing Committee
NATM = New Austrian Tunneling Method
NAWACOP = Nam Ngum Watershed Management and Conservation Project
NBCA = National Biodiversity Conservation Area
NBPCL = Nam Bi Power Company Ltd.
NCC = National Control Center
NCC = National Consulting Company
NCEP = National Center for Environmental Prediction
NCH1HP = Nam Che 1 Hydropower
NDC = Nationally Determined Contributions
NDE = non-drive end (of motor shaft)
NDF = Nordic Development Fund
NE = northeast
NEAP = Nation Environmental Action Plan
NEC = National Electrical Code (USA)
NEDA = Neighboring Countries Economic Development Cooperation Agency
NEFCO = Nordic Environment Finance Corporation
NEG = Navigation Expert Group
NEMA = National Electrical Manufacturer Association (USA) publishes standard ratings for electrical enclosures, motors, magnetic wire, etc.
NEM HPP = Nam Emoun Hydropower Project
NEPC = National Energy Policy Council (in Thailand)
NESMC = National Environment and Social Management Committee
NEV = neutral to earth voltage
NG = Natural gas (mainly methane)
NGC = National Grid Code
NGD = National Geographic Department
NGGS = National Green Growth Strategy
NGL = Natural gas liquids (ethane, propane, butane, isobutane and natural gasoline)
NGO = Non Governmental Organization
NGPES = National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy
NHDHP = Nam Hinboun Downstream Hydropower Project (Nam Hinboun 1 HPP)
NIP = National Indicative Plan
NLA = no-load amperes
NL1PC = Nam Lik 1 Power Company Limited
NLDC = National Load Dispatch Center
NLMA = National Land Management Authority
NLPC = Nam Lik Power Company
NM1 = Nam Mang 1
NM3 = Nam Mang 3
NM3HP = Nam Mang 3 Hydropower Project
NM-B cable = type of Non-Metallic sheathed electric conductor
NMC = National Mekong Committee
NMC = non-metallic sheathed cable
NMCS = National Mekong Committee Secretariat
NMCs = National Mekong Committees
NMRC = National Mekong River Commission
NN1 = Nam Ngum 1
NN2PC = Nam Ngum 2 Power Company Limited
NN2HPP = Nam Ngum 2 Hydropower Project
NN3 = Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project
NN3PC = Nam Ngum 3 Power Company
NN4 = Nam Ngum 4 Hydropower Project
NN5 = Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project
NNB = Nam Ngum Basin
NNG1 HPP = Nam Ngum 1 Hydropower Plant
NNHP-1 = Nam Ngiep 1 Hydropower Project
NNHPC = Nam Nhone Hyropower Co.
NNP1 = Nam Ngiep 1
NNP1PC = Nam Ngiep 1 Hydropower Power Company
NNRB = Nam Ngum River Basin
NNT = Nakai Nam Thuen
NNT NPA = Nakai Nam Thuen National Protected Area
NOFIP = National Office for Forest Inventory and Planning
NOM EFF = nominal efficiency (of a motor)
NOPC = Nam Ou River Basin Hydropower Company
NORAD = Norwegian Agency for Development
NPA = National Protected Area
NPA = Non-Profit Associations
NPAD = National Protected Area Division
NPCSAP = National Pollution Control Strategy and Action Plan
NPDP = National Power Development Plan
NPESSHS = National Policy on Environment and Social Sustainability of the Hydropower Sector
NPF = National Protected Forest
NPPC = Nam Phay Power Company Ltd.
NPPC = Nam Phoun Power Company Limited
NPSHD = National Policy on Sustainable Hydropower Development
NPV = net present value
Nr. = number
NREB = National Renewable Energy Board
NREL = National Renewable Energy Laboratory (USA)
NRESR = Natural Resources and Environment Statistics and Research Institute
NSC = National Statistics Center
NSEDP = National Socio-Economic Development Plan
NSEIA = Natural, Social and Environmental Impact Assessment
NSEMMP = Natural, Social and Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
NT = Nam Taep 1,2,3 Hydropower Company Ltd.
NTEC = Nam Theun 2 Electricity Company
NTFP = Non-Timber Forest Product
NTP = Nam Theun Power Company
NTP = network time protocol
NTPC = Nam Theun 2 Power Company
NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
NT1HPP = Nam Theun 1 Hydropower Project
NT1PC = Nam Theun 1 Power Company
NT2HPP = Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project
NUOL = National University of Laos
N2O = nitrous oxide; a type of greenhouse gas; also used as an inhalation anaesthetic
NW = northwest
NWH = Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited
NWL = normal water level
O3 = ozone
OAAs = Other Aquatic Animals (other than fish - mussels, snails, turtles, frogs, shrimps, crabs, etc.)
Occ. = occasional
OCEG = Operations Coordination Expert Group
OCEO = Office of the Chief Executive Officer, Mekong River Commission Secretariat
O.D. = outside diameter
ODA = Official Development Assistance
ODE = opposite drive end (of motor shaft)
ODP = open drip-proof (for motor enclosures)
OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OEM = original equipment manufacturer
OFAF = oil-forced air-forced (transformer cooling type)
OFR = Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration
OFWF = oil-forced water-forced (transformer cooling type)
OHGW = Overhead Ground Wire
OHTL = Overhead Transmission Line
OITC = Office of Information Technology and Communication
OJT = On the Job Training
OL = outside limits
OLR = Overload Relay
O & M = Operating and Maintenance
OM = Operating Margin
OMS = Operational Management System
OMS = Operations Monitoring Scheme
OMS = Outage Management System
ONAF = oil natural air forced (type of transformer cooling system)
ONAN = oil natural air natural (type of transformer cooling system)
OP/BP = Operational Policy Bank Procedures (of World Bank)
OPC = Open Platform Communications
OPEX = operating expenditures
OPGW = Optical-Fiber Ground Wire
OPS = Operational Planning and Scheduling
ORP = oxidation reduction potential
OSTE = Organisation for Science, Technology and Environment (same as STENO)
OT = operational technology
O/U = over / under
OVs = Overseas Vietnamese
OWL = Operating Water Level
P2P = Power to the Poor (Lao program to help the poor connect)
p.a. = per annum; per year
PABX = Private automatic branch exchange
PAFO = Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office
PAH = Project-Affected Households
PAP = Project-Affected People or Project-Affected Persons
PAR - Photosynthetically Active Radiation
PAR = population at risk
PBC = Preferentiall Buyers Credit
PBCA = Provincial Biodiversity Conservation Area
PBHPP = Pak Beng Hydropower Project
PBM = Phou Bia Mine
PCB = printed circuit board
PCC = Plain Cement Concrete
PCD = Public Consultations and Disclosure
PCL = Public Company Limited
PCM = production cost model
PCOA = Put and call option agreement
PCP = Power control panel
PCPP = Public Consultation and Participation Process
PCR = Project Completion Report
PD = Power Density
PD = Planning Division
PDA = Project Development Agreement
PDD = Project Design Document
PDG = Preliminary Design Guidance
PDIES = Procedures for Data and Information Exchange and Sharing
PDMP = power development master plan
PDO = Project Development Objective
PDP = power development plan
PDR = People's Democratic Republic
PE = Primary Energy
PEA = Provincial Electricity Authority (in Thailand)
PEC = power electronic conversion (such as DC to AC from solar panels)
PEMO = Provincial Energy and Mines Office
PEN = protective earth neutral (conductor)
p.f. = power factor
pf = pico farad
PF = Private Financing or Project Financing
PFCs = perfluorinated carbons; a type of greenhouse gas
PFMA = Potential Failure Modes Assessment
PFMFRD = Protection Forest Management and Forest Rehabilitation Division
PFS = Pre-Feasibility Study
PGRC = Provincial Grievance Redress Committee
PGRU = Project Grievance Redress Unit
pH = a number used to express acidity and alkalinity on a scale where values run from 0 (highest acidity) to 14 (highest alkalinity) with 7 being neutral
PH = phase
PHAP = Public Health Action Plan
PHO = Provincial Health Office
PHP = Pico hydropower
PIANC = Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses
PIM = Participatory irrigation management
PIPSC = Provincial Investment Promotion Steering Committee
PIT = Passive Integrated Transponder
PIZ = Project Impact Zone
PIZ = peripheral impact zone
PKK Park = Phou Khao Khouay Park
PLC = programmable logic controller or process logic controller
PLHPP = Pak Lay Hydropower Project
PLL = potential loss of life
PM = Prime Minister
PMB2 = Power Project Management Board 2 (Vietnam govt.)
PMF = Probable Maximum Flood
PMFM = Procedures for Maintenance of Flows on the Mainstream (Mekong)
PMG = permanent magnet generator
PMO = Prime Minister's Office
PMP = Probable Maximum Precipitation
PMSM = permanent magnet synchronous machine
PNC = Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Company
PNPC = Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.
PNPCA = Procedures for Notification of Prior Consultation and Agreement (Mekong River Commission)
PoA = Program of Activities
POD = Point of Delivery
POE = Panel of Experts
PONRE = Provincial Office of Natural Resources and Environment
Post Ante = a forecast based on actual results
PPA = Power Purchase Agreement
PPA = Provincial Protected Area
PPDP = Provincial Power Development Plan
PPE = Personal Protective Equipmen
ppm = parts per million
PPP = public-private partnership
PPS = Power Purchase Supplier
PPT = Project Preparation Team
ppt = parts per thousand
PQ = Pre-Qualification
PRA = participatory rural community assessment
PRC = Provincial Resettlement Committee
PRC = People’s Republic of China
PRF = Paddy Rice Field
PRG = political risk guarantees
PRI = Political Risk Insurance
PRLRC = Provincial Resettlement and Livelihood Restoration Committee
PRMLCRC = Provincial Resettlement Management and Living Condition Restoration Committee
PRP = Preliminary Resettlement Plan
PRP = Proactive Regional Planning
P/S = power station
PS = performance standards
PSDP = Public Sector Development Program
PSG = Phongsubthavy Group
PSG = Phonesack Group
PSH = Pumped storage hydropower
PSHD = Policy on Sustainable Hydropower Development
PSI = pounds per square inch
PSI = Pollution Standards Index
PSOD = Private Sector Operations Department
PSP = pumped storage power
PSP = power supply panel
PSS = Power System Stabilizer
PSU = primary sampling unit
PTDP = Power Transmission and Distribution Project
PTS = PT Sole Co., Ltd.
PV = Photovoltaic
PVC = Polyvinyl Chloride
PV Curve = Power-voltage curve
PVF = Photovoltaic floating (solar cells on structures floating in water)
PWF = period weighting factor
PWG = Planning Working Group
PWM = pulse width modulation
PWQ = Procedures for Water Quality
PWUM = Procedures for Water Use Monitoring
Q1 = first quarter
Q2 = second quarter
Q3 = third quarter
Q4 = fourth quarter
qty. = quantity
RAP = Resettlement Action Plan
RAT = Reservoir Assessment Tool
RC = Resettlement Committee
RCA = root cause analysis
RCB = residual current breaker
RCC = Regional Control Center
RCC = Roller-Compacted Concrete
RCC = River Continuum Concept
RCD = residual current device
RCF = remote communication framework
RCP = Regional Cooperation Program
RCT = Rule Curve Tool
Rd. = Road
RE = Renewable Energy
RE = rural electrification
RECS = River Current Conversion System
REDD = reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
REDP = resettlement and ethnic development plan
REDS = Renewable Energy Development Strategy
ref. = reference
RELUB = relubrication
r/min = revolutions per minute or RPM
REMP = Rural Electrification Master Plan
REMDP = Resettlement & Ethnic Minority Development Plan
REP = Rural Electrification Program
REPELC = residential price of electricity
RETA = regional technical assistance program
REZ = renewable energy zone
RFDMC = Regional Flood and Drought Management Center (formerly named RFMMC)
RFFS = River Flood Forecasting System
RFI = radio frequency interference
RFMMC = Regional Flood Management and Mitigation Center ( in 2019 renamed RFDMC)
RFP = Request for Proposal
RGC = Regional Grid Code
RGC = Royal Government of Cambodia
RHEAS = Regional Hydrological Extreme Assessment System
RIS = River Information System
RMB = Renminbi
RMF = rotating magnetic field
RMS = Root Mean Square
RMU = Resettlement Management Unit
ROR (RoR) = Run of the River
ROW = Right of Way
RPCC = Regional Power Coordination Center
RPM = Riverine Plastic Monitoring
rpm = revolutions per minute
RPSU = Reserve power supply unit
RPTCC = Regional Power Trade Coordination Committee
RPTOA = Regional Power Trade Operating Agreement
RRA = Rotating Rectifier assembly (for generator)
RSAT = Rapid Basin-wide Sustainability Assessment Tool
RSF = Regional Stakeholders Forum
RSL = Residual Static Load
RTC = real-time clock
RTM = Round Table Meeting
RTO = regional transmission operator
RTS = remote terminal station
RTUs = Remote Terminal Units
RTWG = Regional Technical Working Group
r/m = revolutions per minute
RWG = Resettlement Working Group
s. = second (1/60th of a minute)
S1 = continuous duty (motor rating)
S2 = short-time duty (motor rating)
SA = Substation Automation
SAMIS = Strengthening Agro-climatic Monitoring and Information Systems
SAPE = sector assistance program evaluation
SBEM = Strategy for Basin-wide Environmental Management
SBOR = State of Basin Report
SBSD = Support for Better Service Delivery
SC = steering committee
SCADA = Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SCC = Short Circuit Capacity
SCF = Strategic Climate Fund
SCI = SCI Electric Manufacturer Co., Ltd. Thailand
SCM = Stakeholder Consultation Meeting
SCOD = scheduled commercial operation date
SCR = silicon-controlled rectifier (thyristor)
SCTL = single circuit transmission line
SDC = Song Da Corporation
SDC = Swedish Organization for Development and Cooperation
SDGs = Sustainable Development Goals
SDIL = Serba Dinamik International Ltd.
SDP = Strategic Development Plan
SDPC = Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorophyll A in the Presence of Pheophytin
SDR = special drawing right
SDR = social discount rate
SE = Secondary Energy
SE = southeast
SEA = Strategic Environmental Assessment
SEAN = SouthEast Asia Energy Limited
SEG = Sediment Expert Group
SEIA = Social and Environmental Impact Assessment
SEMFOP = Social and Environmental Management Framework and Operational Plan
SER. F. = service factor (for motors)
SESIA = Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
SESO = Standard for Environmental and Social Obligations
SF = service factor (for motors)
SFA = service factor amperes
SFC = static frequency converter
SFE = state forest enterprise
SG = synchronous generator
SGs = Safety guidelines
SGAM = smart grid architecture model
SHC = Sinohydro Corporation
SHD = Sustainable Hydropower Development
SHDS = Sustainable Hydropower Development Strategy
SHK = Sinohydro (Hong Kong) Holding Co
SHOA = standard hydropower operation agreement
SHP = Small Hydro Power
SHS = solar home system
SIA = Social Impact Assessment
SIDA = Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SII = Summary of Investment Information
SIL = surge impedance loading
SIM = Social Impact Monitoring
SIMVA = Social Impact Monitoring and Vulnerability Assessment
SK = SK Engineering & Construction
SKEC = SK Engineering and Construction Co.
SLRP = Supplemental Livelihood Restoration Plan
SME = small and medium-sized enterprises
SMG = Simuong Group or Simeuang Group Company Limited
SMMP = Social Monitoring and Management Plan
SMO = Social Management Office
SNHPP = Sanakham Hydropower Project
SOBR = State of Basin Report
SOE = state-owned enterprise
SOEG = Socio-economic Expert Group
SOP = standard operating procedure
SP = Strategic Plan
SPC = Special-Purpose Company
SPC = State Planning Committee
SPD = Strategic Planning Document
SPECS = specifications
SPEI = Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
SPI = Standardized Precipitation Index
SPI = Statistical Performance Indicator
SPP = Small power producer
SPRE = Southern Provinces Rural Electrification
SPS = Safeguard Policy Statement
SPT = Standard Penetration Test
SPV = special-purpose vehicle
sq = square
sq km = square kilometer
SRB = Sekong River Basin
SRI = Standardized Runoff Index
S/S (SS) = substation
SSA = share sale agreement
SSC = Suspended sediment concentration
STA = short-term advisor
STEA = Science, Technology & Environment Agency (now WREA)
STENO = Science, Technology and Environment Organization
STI = short-term incentives
SVC = Static Var Compensator
SW = southwest
SWAT = Soil & Water Assessment Tool
SWER = Single-wire earth return (single-wire ground return)
SWI = salt water intrusion
SWM = solid waste management
t = ton
t/km2/yr = tons per square kilometer per year
TA = Technical Assistance
TAB = Technical Advisory Body
TBC = Tie-line Bias Control
TB&CIA = Trans-Boundary & Cumulative Impact Assessment
TBEIA = Trans-Boundary Environmental Impact Assessment
TBESIA = Trans-Boundary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
TBM = Tunnel-Boring Machine
T&D = Training and Development
T&D = transmission and distribution
TBL = Tractebel Asia Company Ltd.
TCE = Tons of CO2 Equivalent
TC/TM = Telecontrol and Telemetry
TCP = transmission control protocol
TD = Technical Division
TDS = Total Dissolved Solids
TEBC = totally enclosed blower-cooled (motor enclosure)
TEFC = totally enclosed fan-cooled (motor enclosure)
TENV = totally enclosed non-ventilated (motor enclosure)
TEP = Transmission expansion planning
TES = Total Energy Supply
TFAP = Tropical Forestry Action Plan
TFEC = total final energy consumption
TG = Technical Guideline
TGCR = Technical Guideline on Compensation and Resettlement
TG-PMFM = Technical Guidelines for Preserving Flows on the Mekong
TGS = Technical Guidelines or Technical Guidance Series
TGPWQ = Technical Guidelines and Procedures for Water Quality
TGWQ = Technical Guidelines Water Quality
THB = Thai baht
THD = Total Harmonic Distortion
THHN = electric conductor cable that is Thermoplastic High Heat Resistant
THHP = Theun-Hinboun Hydro Power
THPC = Theun-Hinboun Power Company Limited
THWN = a code for electric conductor cable that is Thermoplastic Heat and Water Resistant
THXP = Theun-Hinboun Expansion Project
TL (T/L) = transmission line
TL = tailwater level
TNB = Tenaga Nasional Berhad (the only electric utility company in Peninsular Malaysia)
TNMC = Thailand National Mekong Committee
TO = Transmission Operator
TOR (ToR) = terms of reference
TOU = Time of Use (for electricity tariff rate)
TPD = tons per day
TPES = total primary energy supply
TPY = tons per year
TRANSCO = Transmission Company
TRG = Technical Review Group
TRR = Technical Review Report
TS = technical specifictions
TSC = Technical Service Centre
TSO = Transmission System Operator
TSP = total suspended particulate matter
TSS = total suspended solids
TTC = transmission transfer capability
TWh = terawatt hour
TWINS = Transboundary Water Interaction Nexus
TWL = tailrace water level
UF = Underground Feeder cable
UFLS = Under Frequency Load Shedding
UHV = Ultra-high-voltage electricity transmission
UMB = Upper Mekong Basin; the Chinese and Myanmar portions of the Lancang (Mekong) River Basin
UNCITRAL = United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
UNDP = United Nations Development Program
UNEP = United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO = United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC = United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UPS = Uninterruptible Power Supply
URF = Upland Rice Field
URF = Upper Rule Factor
U/S = upstream
USACE = United States Army Corps of Engineers
USAID = United States Agency for International Development
USD = United States Dollar
USGS = United States Geological Survey
UTFI = Underground taming of floods for irrigation
UXO = Unexploded Ordnance; unexploded bombs, land mines, etc.
V = volt
VA = volt-ampere
VA = Vulnerability Assessment
VAC = Volts Alternating Current; a measure of the strength of an alternating electric field
VAR = Volt-Amperes Reactive
VARs = a unit of measure of reactive power
VASE = Vientiane Automation and Solution Engineering
VAT = value-added tax
VDB = Vietnam Development Bank
VDC = Volts Direct Current
VDC = Vertical Deflection Circuit
VDC = Village Development Committee
VEC = valued environmental components
V/F = voltage by frequency
VFD = variable frequency drive
VFT = variable frequency transformer
VG = variable generation
VIC = Variable Infiltration Capacity
VICU = Voltage insulation control unit
VLPC = Viet Lao Power Joint Stock Company
VND = Vietnam Dong
VNMC = Vietnam National Mekong Committee
VRE = variable renewable energy (solar cells, wind power, etc.)
vs = versus (against / compared to)
VSC = voltage-source converter
VSPP = Very Small Power Producer
VT = voltage transformer
VT = variable torque
W2BL = wetlands and watershed biodiversity and livelihoods
WACC = weighted average cost of capital
WB = World Bank
WBG = World Bank Group
WC = water quality
WCA = Watershed Conservation Authority
WCD = World Commission on Dams
WCLC = Working Capital Letter of Credit
WCT = Water Current Turbine
WEF = Water-Energy-Food nexus
WEPA = Water Environment Partnership Asia
WES = Waterways Experiment Station
WES weir = types of weir developed and tested by Waterways Experiment Station
WFSM = wound field synchronous machine
WGPG = Working Group on Performance Standards and Grid Code
WGPO = Working Group Planning and Operations
WGRI = Working Group on Regulatory Issues
Wh = Watt hour
WLA = Wetland Area
WLE = Water, Land and Ecosystems Greater Mekong
WLE CGIAR = Water, Land and Ecosystems Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
WMO = World Meteorological Organization
WMP = Watershed Management Plan
WMPA = Watershed Management and Protection Authority
WMS = Work Management Systems
WPI = Water Pollution Index
WPTO = Water Power Technologies Office
WQMN = Water Quality Monitoring Network
WREA = Water Resources & Environment Administration
WREO = Water Resources and Environment Office
WSMP = Watershed Management Plan
WTE = waste-to-energy
WTO = World Trade Organization
WUA = Water User Association / Water Use Authority
WUP = Water Utilization Plan
WWF = World Wildlife Fund
XBR = Xayabouri
XK1 = XeKong 1 Hydropower Project
XK2 = XeKong 2 Hydropower Project
XK3 = XeKong 3 Hydropower Project
XK4 = Xekong 4 Power Company Limited
XK4A = XeKong 4A Hydropower Project
XK4B = XeKong 4B Hydropower Project
XK5 = XeKong 5 Hydropower Project
XKHC = Xe Katam Hydropower Company
XKM1 = Xekaman 1 Power Company Limited
XKM1PC = Xekaman 1 Power Company Limited
XKM3 = Xekaman 3 Power Company
XPCL = Xayaburi Power Company Limited
XTPPL = Xekong Thermal Power Plant Company Limited
XTRR = Xayabouri Technical Review Report
XYB = Xayabouri
YoY = Year-on-Year (annual comparison)
YPUA = Yield per unit area
yr. = year
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Hydropower-related Symbols & Short-form Notation examples below:
Ω = Ohm (the Greek letter omega (Ω))
Ω/Km = Ohm per kilometer
oC = degrees Celsius (Centigrade)
oF = degrees Fahrenheit
18°26'09"N = 18 degrees, 26 minutes, 9 seconds north latitude
102°56'49"E = 102 degrees, 56 minutes, 49 seconds east longitude
116 = 11,000,000
10-3 NM-B cable = 10 gauge 3-wire Non-Metallic electric conductor
CH4 = methane
cm2 = square centimeters = cm^2
cm3 = cubic centimeters = cm^3
CO2 = carbon dioxide
H2O = water
in2 = square inch = in^2
in3 = cubic inch = in^3
ft2 = square foot = ft^2
ft3 = cubic foot = ft^3
ft3/s = cubic feet per second = ft^3/s
kg = kilogram
kg/m2 = kilograms per square meter = kg/m^2
km2 = square kilometers = km^2
km3 = cubic kilometers = km^3
kN/m3 = Kilonewton per cubic meter
m2 = square meters = m^2
m3 = cubic meters = m^3
m3/s = cubic meters per second = m^3/s
m3/s/km2 = cubic meters per second per square kilometer
mm2 = square millimeter = mm^2
mm3 = cubic millimeter = mm^3
N2O = nitrous oxide
r/m = revolutions per minute
t/km2/yr = tons per square kilometer per year
yd2 = square yard = yd^2
yd3 = cubic yard = yd^3
yd3/s = cubic yards per second = yd^3/s
1PH = single phase
2x = 2 times (multiply by 2), 3x = 3 times, etc.
3PH = three phase
3R = Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
3S = 3 rivers in Laos & Cambodia with "S" names - Sekong, Sesan and Srepok
Click to see our Hydropower Generation Info web page with images, diagrams & visual examples of the hydroelectric generation process